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Scratching at the surface: Understanding, Preventing and Managing Dental Erosion
Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_erosion
What is Dental Erosion?
Dental erosion occurs when acids cause the outer layer of a tooth to dissolve. The outer layer of a tooth, known as enamel, is the hardest substance in the human body. It protects us from daily wear and prevents us from experiencing severe sensitivity to temperature changes.
When enamel dissolves, this can expose the inner layer of the tooth known as dentine. Dentine is much softer than enamel and therefore more susceptible to wear and tear. If exposed, this can increase the tooths’ risk to decay and sensitivity.
What Causes Dental Erosion?
- Acidic Foods/ Drinks: Although they may be considered healthy, certain fruits and vegetables are quite acidic and can be damaging to our teeth. Juices, soft drinks, citrus fruits, apple cider vinegar and energy drinks are acidic and high in sugar.
- Underlying Gastrointestinal Conditions: Enamel can be dissolved from exposure to stomach acid from conditions such as acid reflux or frequent vomiting (bulimia, morning sickness, etc.).
What Contributes to Dental Erosion?
- Lack of Saliva/Dry Mouth: saliva is important to neutralize acids in the mouth. Reduced saliva or a dry mouth, commonly caused by certain medications, can decrease the neutralisation of acids and hence increase the risk of dental erosion.
- Grinding/Clenching (Bruxism): grinding and clenching is a very common cause of enamel
wear. Once the enamel is worn down, the tooth is more susceptible to dental erosion.
- Aggressive Brushing: aggressive toothbrushing may damage/wear away the enamel on the outside and expose the dentine inside the tooth.
Image Source: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/jan/27/the-truth-about-hydration-should-you-drink-eight-glasses-of-water-a-day
How Do I Prevent Dental Erosion?
- Diet: It is recommended to limit the consumption of acidic foods or drinks to reduce the frequency of acid exposure.
- Hydration: Sufficient water consumption can help saliva flow, which is important to neutralise acids and protect enamel.
- Saliva Stimulants/ Gum: Chewing sugar-free gum can stimulate saliva production.
- Brushing: A soft toothbrush is preferred over a hard toothbrush. It’s also recommended to not brush overly aggressively. Gentle circular motion is recommended.
- Night Guards/ Splints: People who experience clenching/grinding (bruxism) may need to use a night guard to avoid enamel damage during sleep, which can be exacerbated when exposed to acid
- Regular Dental Check-ups: It is important to visit your dentist regularly for dental cleans and to monitor for early signs of erosion.
Managing Dental Erosion:
- Fluoride Treatment: Fluoride can be applied by dentist to help strengthen enamel. It can also be found in fluoridated toothpaste.
- Dental Bonding: A specific resin/ tooth colored material can be used to restore the structure and function of teeth.
- Indirect Restorations: If severe erosion occurs, a dental crown/ onlay may be given to protect and restore the teeth impacted.
- Oral Hygiene: Appropriate oral hygiene regime, such as brushing technique, and use of protective products such as Tooth Mousse can reduce the effects of acid.
- Address Underlying Medical Conditions: It’s important to treat the underlining condition, as opposed to simply treating the symptoms. It is recommended to have regular medical check-ups.
If left untreated, dental erosion can adversely impact oral health and your quality of life. However, by understanding the causes and preventative measures, you can greatly minimize the effects of dental erosion and smile confidently.
